Packet #492851 Success

STORE_FORWARD_APP packet from BIF1-BASE (BIF1) to !ffffffff

6
Total Receptions
6
Unique Gateways
3
Hop Count
7
Payload Bytes
Packet Information
Database ID: 492851
Mesh Packet ID: 0x972bf7d4
Used for correlation across gateways
Timestamp: 2026-04-23 23:07:02 UTC
From Node: BIF1-BASE (BIF1)
To Node: !ffffffff (ffff)
Success: Processed
Protocol: STORE_FORWARD_APP
Port: 65
Gateway: AD8OI Mobile (8OI1)
Channel: LongFast
RSSI: -121 dBm
SNR: -19.0 dBm
Hop Info: 3/5 hops
Start: 5, Limit: 2
Relay Node: 58 KIRT
Last byte of the last hop that relayed this packet - Candidate source node(s) based on 0-hop direct receptions
Payload Data
Protocol: STORE_FORWARD_APP
Size: 7 bytes
Decoded: Yes
Decoded Data:
{
  "rr": "ROUTER_HEARTBEAT",
  "heartbeat": {
    "period": 900
  },
  "type": "protobuf",
  "portnum": "STORE_FORWARD_APP",
  "message_class": "StoreAndForward"
}
Raw Packet Analysis
Complete field breakdown and MQTT privacy/exposure analysis
Packet Structure
MQTT Packet Flow:
ServiceEnvelope (MQTT layer) → MeshPacket (Mesh layer) → Decoded Payload (Application data)
Total Size:7 bytes
Gateway:!fa6bac50
Channel:LongFast
Payload Type:STORE_FORWARD_APP
Hop Count:3 / 5
Privacy Summary
Exposure Level:
Broadcast
Privacy Features:
✓ Direct LoRa transmission (not via MQTT)
✓ Gateway node ID tracked
Exposure Risks:
⚠ Visible to all nodes on channel
⚠ Default channel - no encryption
+ 3 more...
MQTT ServiceEnvelope Fields

FieldValue
gateway_id !fa6bac50
Node ID format
channel_id LongFast
Default public channel
packet MeshPacket (7 bytes)
Contains the actual mesh network packet
MeshPacket Fields

Canonical MeshPacket view reconstructed from stored protobuf bytes.

FieldValueType
from 1770320340
Source node ID 		uint32
to 4294967295 (Broadcast)
Visible to all nodes 		uint32
decoded.portnum STORE_FORWARD_APP
STORE_FORWARD_APP 		enum
decoded.payload_length 7 bytes size
hop_limit 2
Remaining hops allowed 		uint32
hop_start 5
Initial hop limit 		uint32
hops_taken 3
Calculated: hop_start - hop_limit 		derived
rx_rssi -121.0 dBm
Signal strength at gateway 		int32
rx_snr -19.00 dB
Signal quality at gateway 		float
rx_time 1776984547
Receive timestamp 		fixed32
via_mqtt False
Direct LoRa transmission 		bool
want_ack False
No ACK requested 		bool
priority Not set enum
delayed Not set enum
channel 8
Channel index 		uint32
pki_encrypted False
Standard encryption 		bool
next_hop Not set uint32
relay_node 88
Relay node ID 		uint32
tx_after Not set uint32
timestamp Not set uint32
MQTT Privacy & Exposure Analysis

Analysis of privacy features and exposure risks when packet is shared via MQTT

Exposure Level: Broadcast
Privacy Features:
  • ✓ Direct LoRa transmission (not via MQTT)
  • ✓ Gateway node ID tracked
Exposure Risks:
  • ⚠ Visible to all nodes on channel
  • ⚠ Default channel - no encryption
  • ⚠ Packet visible to MQTT subscribers
  • ⚠ Multi-hop path visible (3 hops)
  • ⚠ RF signal metrics exposed (location inference possible)
MQTT-Specific Fields
Gateway ID: !fa6bac50
Signal Metrics: RSSI: -121.0 dBm
SNR: -19.00 dB
Complete Payload Analysis

Detailed breakdown of all payload fields and decoded data

Payload Metadata:
Protocol:STORE_FORWARD_APP
Size:7 bytes
Decoded: Yes
Complete Payload Data (JSON):
{ "rr": "ROUTER_HEARTBEAT", "heartbeat": { "period": 900 }, "type": "protobuf", "portnum": "STORE_FORWARD_APP", "message_class": "StoreAndForward" }
Complete Protobuf Decode (JSON)
{ "service_envelope": { "packet": { "from": 1770320340, "to": 4294967295, "channel": 8, "decoded": { "portnum": "STORE_FORWARD_APP", "payload": "CAIiAwiEBw==", "bitfield": 1 }, "id": 2536241108, "rx_time": 1776984547, "rx_snr": -19.0, "hop_limit": 2, "rx_rssi": -121, "hop_start": 5, "relay_node": 88, "transport_mechanism": "TRANSPORT_LORA" }, "channel_id": "LongFast", "gateway_id": "!fa6bac50" }, "mesh_packet": { "from": 1770320340, "to": 4294967295, "channel": 8, "decoded": { "portnum": "STORE_FORWARD_APP", "payload": "CAIiAwiEBw==", "bitfield": 1, "parsed_payload": { "rr": "ROUTER_HEARTBEAT", "heartbeat": { "period": 900 }, "type": "protobuf", "portnum": "STORE_FORWARD_APP", "message_class": "StoreAndForward" } }, "id": 2536241108, "rx_time": 1776984547, "rx_snr": -19.0, "hop_limit": 2, "rx_rssi": -121, "hop_start": 5, "relay_node": 88, "transport_mechanism": "TRANSPORT_LORA" } }
Raw Packet Data (7 bytes)
08022203088407
Hex Analysis:
Size:7 bytes
Format:Protobuf (Protocol Buffers)
Encoding:Binary with varint and length-delimited fields
This is the raw protobuf-encoded payload as received from MQTT. The structure follows the Meshtastic protobuf schema definitions.
All Receptions
All gateways that received this packet
Correlation: Using Mesh Packet ID
Reception Locations

Loading reception map...

Map shows gateway locations that received this packet. Hop counts are displayed if available.
Gateway Time Offset RSSI SNR Hops Relay Channel Timestamp Actions
AD8OI Mobile (8OI1) Primary 0.000s
Reference 		-121.0 dBm -19.00 dB 3 58 KIRT LongFast 2026-04-23 23:07:02 UTC Current
1 hop Gateways that received this packet after 1 hop
NU8H-1 (U8H1) -1070.814s
Before 		-114.0 dBm -3.75 dB 1 - LongFast 2026-04-23 22:49:11 UTC View
3 hops Gateways that received this packet after 3 hops
Kent2 (MQTT) (KNT2) -1069.041s
Before 		-72.0 dBm 11.75 dB 3 1a trt3 LongFast 2026-04-23 22:49:13 UTC View
AD8G MQTT Gateway (1574) -1068.558s
Before 		-33.0 dBm 6.00 dB 3 a5 GSR3 LongFast 2026-04-23 22:49:14 UTC View
Bender (7750) -1068.485s
Before 		-105.0 dBm -5.50 dB 3 3e LongFast 2026-04-23 22:49:14 UTC View
4 hops Gateways that received this packet after 4 hops
N8BDK (BDK1) -535.315s
Before 		-113.0 dBm -17.75 dB 4 20 PVL1 LongFast 2026-04-23 22:58:07 UTC View
6

Total Receptions

6

Unique Gateways